The global surface temperature for October 2025 was 2.21°F (1.23°C) higher than the 20th-century baseline, ranking as the third-warmest October since global records began in 1850. Only two Octobers were warmer (2023 and 2024).

• Below-average snow cover extent in North America and Greenland contrasted with Eurasia’s near-average snow cover extent.
• Both poles saw below-average sea ice extent.
• Global tropical cyclone activity was above average with 18 named storms.

Assessing the Global Temperature and Precipitation Analysis in October 2025