Borrowing – the difference between total public sector spending and income – was £20.2 billion in September 2025; this was £1.6 billion (or 8.6%) more than in September 2024 and the highest September borrowing since 2020.

• Borrowing in the financial year to September 2025 was £99.8 billion; this was £11.5 billion (or 13.1%) more than in the same six-month period of 2024 and the second-highest April to September borrowing since monthly records began in 1993, after that of 2020.
• The current budget deficit – borrowing to fund day-to-day public sector activities – was £13.4 billion in September 2025; this brings the total current budget deficit in the financial year to September 2025 to £71.8 billion, which is £10.6 billion (or 17.2%) more than in the same six-month period of 2024.
• Public sector net debt excluding public sector banks was provisionally estimated at 95.3% of gross domestic product (GDP) at the end of September 2025; this was 1.0 percentage points more than at the end of September 2024 and remains at levels last seen in the early 1960s.
• Public sector net financial liabilities excluding public sector banks were provisionally estimated at 83.8% of GDP at the end of September 2025; this was 3.0 percentage points more than at the end of September 2024, but 11.5 percentage points less than for public sector net debt.
• Central government net cash requirement (excluding UK Asset Revolution Ltd and Network Rail) was £15.9 billion in September 2025; this was £2.6 billion (or 19.8%) more than in September 2024.